DISASTER AT THE DARDANELLES
EDWIN P. HOYT

If the formidable Turkish forts could be rendered harmless by the British navy, the saving in troop manpower would be enormous. Winston Churchill believed just such a possibility and ordered Admiral Carden, in charge of the squadron at the eastern end of the Mediterranean, to bombard the Dardanelles forts. The squadron was to attack right through to the Sea of Marmara, where the two German cruisers, Goeben and Breslau, were hiding.

Churchill had been persuaded by the British War Council, who had misjudged Turkish determination. Although the submarine B-11 was able to sink the ancient Messudiyeh, and although the bombardment of the outer ports was initially successful, the Turks were far from beaten. Admittedly, the British were hampered by bad weather and untried equipment, but the Germans were advising the Turks—a powerful combination.

Admiral Carden had to change his strategy. Orders and counter-orders came with confusing rapidity from London. Should he withdraw ? Or continue ? Or hold off until he could receive reinforcements ? Or what about supporting land troops, after all ? Carden was confused, and unwell. He knew the Dardenelles should have been quickly taken by the British, but something had gone wrong .. .

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