`Know then my own Dear Betsy, I have lost the Bounty.' With these words begins the first private account of an event which became a legend.
The mutiny which erupted on 28 April 1789 on board HMS Bounty, under the command of Lieutenant William Bligh RN, is the most celebrated and notorious of all maritime mutinies and the subject of countless books and five feature films.
The three letters here published together in facsimile for the first time were written by Bligh while recovering from the voyage in an open boat from Tahiti to Timor. They are his personal accounts, written for private reading by his family and friends.
The first is written to Bligh's wife Elizabeth, his 'Dear Dear Betsy'. The second is addressed to Duncan Campbell, his wife's uncle, once Bligh's employer. The third is written to Bligh's patron, Sir Joseph Banks, a towering figure in the British exploration of the Pacific.
Together, these letters and their enclosures bring the mutiny to life in a way unmatched by accounts written many years after the event or the fanciful histrionics of the films.
Here is Bligh the dispossessed commander, the survivor of an extraordinary feat of seamanship, recounting the drama soon after it happened, with his characteristic directness. With an explanatory text and transcriptions they present, lucidly and purposefully, the events at the heart of the Bounty legend as experienced by the man at the centre of the action.
The Letters
The letter to Elizabeth was acquired from Bligh's great grand-daughter, Mrs Alice Rose Oakes, nee Bligh, as part of a collection of Bligh's papers received during December 1923 and January 1924.
The letter and enclosure to Duncan Campbell was part of David Scott Mitchell's bequest which formed the nucleus of the Mitchell Library.
The letter and enclosure to Sir Joseph Banks was purchased by the NSW Government in 1884 and was placed in the Mitchell Library when it opened in 1910.
Paul Brunton is Manuscripts Librarian at the Mitchell Library, State Library of New South Wales. He has worked with the Australian manuscripts collection there since 1973 and has published on the management of archives and manuscripts and on various aspects of the Library's collection. He was a joint editor and contributor to the prize winning manual Keeping Archives published in 1987.